Hul’q’umi’num’...
First Nations
Hul’q’umi’num’ / Halq'eméylem / hən̓q̓əmin̓əm
Language Family: Coast Salish
Dialects: hən̓q̓əmin̓əm̓, Halq'eméylem, Hul’q’umi’num’ Language known as: Hul’q’umi’num’, Halq'eméylem, hən̓q̓əmin̓əm̓ , Halkomelem "Halkomelem" is the name that linguists have called a group of related dialects spoken from around Parksville to Saanich Inlet on Vancouver Island and on the mainland from the mouth of the Fraser eastward to Harrison Lake and the lower end of the Fraser Canyon. The name "Halkomelem" is a blending of the names of the three dialects: Hul’q’umi’num’, Hən̓q̓əmin̓əm̓, and Halq'eméylem. Hul’q’umi’num’ is spoken primarily by First Nations on Vancouver Island, Hən̓q̓əmin̓əm̓ is spoken by peoples between the mouth of the Fraser River and the Stave River and Halq’eméylem is spoken by First Nations from the Stave River up to the lower Fraser Canyon.1
State of the LanguageDialectshən̓q̓əmin̓əm̓This dialect has been called: Downriver Halkomelem, Hənqəminəm Hən̓q̓əmin̓əm is spoken in the Lower Mainland in the Fraser River delta and up the Fraser River to Fort Langley. The Musqueam have about 7 semi-fluent speakers. There are about 60 students have completed the hən̓q̓əmin̓əm̓ classes in the First Nations Languages program at the University of British Columbia.25 Halq'eméylemThis dialect has been called: Upriver Halkomelem Halq'eméylem is spoken by the Sto:lo First Nations and some of their close neighbours in the Fraser Valley and Fraser Canyon. Hul’q’umi’num’This dialect has been called: Halkomelem Hulq'umín'um' is closely related to Halq'eméylem and Hǝn'q'ǝmin'ǝm'. Some linguists consider these three dialects of the same language which they call "Halkomelem". The Hulq'umín'um' language is spoken by spoken by six separate but closely related First Nations in the southern Georgia Strait area: the Chemainus, Cowichan, Halalt, Lake Cowichan, Lyackson, and Penelakut. Footnotes / References
1. Suttles, Wayne, ed. (1990). Central Coast Salish. 2. Language Data from Sto:lo Shxweli Halq'emeylem Language program (2011), Language Needs Assessment #2282 3. Language Data from Pauquachin First Nation (2007), Language Needs Assessment #711 4. Indian and Northern Affairs Canada (2008). First Nation Registered Population. 5. Language Data from Coqualeetza Cultural Education Centre (2011), Language Needs Assessment #2186 6. Language Data from Sts'ailes Community School, Sts'ailes Indian Band (2012), Language Needs Assessment #2172 7. Language Data from Chemianus First Nation (2012), Language Needs Assessment #2426 8. Language Data from Cowichan Tribes Quw'utsun Syuw'entst Lelum' (2009), Language Needs Assessment #1250 9. Language Data from Lyakson First Nation & Halalt First Nation (2007), Language Needs Assessment #865 10. Language Data from Katzie First Nation (2009), Language Needs Assessment #1244 11. Language Data from Kwantlen First Nation (2010), Language Needs Assessment #1784 12. Aboriginal Canada (2006). First Nation Connectivity Profiles. 13. Language Data from Lyackson First Nation (2011), Language Needs Assessment #2080 14. Language Data from Malahat First Nation (2009), Language Needs Assessment #1375 15. Language Data from H'ulh-etun Health Society (2010), Language Needs Assessment #1746 16. Language Data from Beecher Bay First Nations (2007), Language Needs Assessment #679 17. Language Data from Seabird Island Band (2008), Language Needs Assessment #972 18. Language Data from Shxwowhamel First Nation (2009), Language Needs Assessment #1383 19. Language Data from Sto:lo Nation (2007), Language Needs Assessment #618 20. Language Data from Snaw'Naw'As First Nation (2009), Language Needs Assessment #1385 21. Language Data from Snuneymuxw First Nation (2009), Language Needs Assessment #1156 22. Language Data from Tsawwassen First Nation (2007), Language Needs Assessment #863 23. Language Data from Tsleil - Waututh Nation (2007), Language Needs Assessment #713 24. Language Data from Musqueam Indian Band (2012), Language Needs Assessment #2445 25. Muqueam website: http://www.musqueam.bc.ca/Language.html |
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